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Authors
Kumar, Sanjana Santhosh
Arany-Lao-Kan, Genevieve
Xu, Xiuhui
Mahmoud, Abdel Hameed
Massarotto, Fabio Campanelli
Thomas, Victoria
Barmak, Abdul Basir
Arany, Szilvia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (K23DE031021)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB STUDY#5666) on June 15, 2021, in accordance with 45 CFR 46 under the University’s Federal-wide Assurance (FWA00009386). The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Eligible participants who expressed interest were enrolled after providing informed consent electronically via the secure REDCap platform. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
