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Authors
Elsaharty, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-9531
Abo-Elmahasen, Mahmoud M. Fathy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0981-0945
Eissa, Nouran M.
Elbialy, Mohamed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tanta University
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt (Approval No: R-ORTH-08-25-3220). All research procedures were conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For participants under 16 years of age, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the legal guardians of all patients whose data or images are presented.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
