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Authors
Lu, Wenting
Wu, Xiaowei
Yu, Shengdan
Hou, Lili
Pan, Xiaogang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nursing Discipline Development Fund of Shanghai Ninth Peoples’ Hospital (JYHL2024ZD02-Z2)
China University IUR Innovation Fund – Industry Association Smart Healthcare Innovation Special Program (2025XH096)
Standardization Development and Policy Safeguards for Oral Health Management: A Research Study (CHDI-2025-Z-07)
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol received full approval from the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital prior to participant recruitment (SH9H 2024-T501-2). All procedures strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants and their legal guardians received comprehensive information regarding study aims, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from all parents/guardians, with additional child assent obtained from all participating minors.
: Not applicable (N/A).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
