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Authors
Preutthipan, Nanticha
Chokechanachaisakul, Uraiwan
Jearanaiphaisarn, Thanomsuk
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University (DRF65049)
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Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed and approved with exemption by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand (HREC-DCU 2022-045), in compliance with ICH/GCP guidelines. The exemption included a waiver of informed consent for the use of extracted teeth because they were obtained as part of patients’ routine treatment and anonymized before use.Written informed consent was obtained from a healthy volunteer for blood sample collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
