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Authors
Du, Xijin
Sun, Wenyue
Yao, Chenmin
Gao, Yao
Hu, Junlei
Song, Ke
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Huazhong University of Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Research Support Program (2025JCYJ074)
Wuhan Yingcai – Outstanding Young Talents Program (PM0218003)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042022kf1161)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles and standards of the institutional and national research committees, and with the 1964 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Laboratory procedures and study protocols were individually reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (IRB Reference Number: TJ-IRB20230787). The need for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified intraoral scan data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
