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Article History

Received: 31 October 2025

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yuan’s General Hospital, Taiwan (Approval No. YGHIRB-20230919B). All participants were fully informed about the study objectives and procedures, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.