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Authors
Khaleefah, Omar Talib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-2933
El-Baz, Ahmed M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-6907
Gomaa, Mohamed Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-5294
Badr, Amany Elsaid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-149X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University (approval number A01050422). All study procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with the ethical standards of the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
