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Authors
El-Demellawy, Rana Mamdouh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7133-1478
El-Banna, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6438-1813
Kandil, Mohamed M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-8903
El-Korashy, Dalia I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-4131
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ain Shams University (FDASU–Rec ED 032128). Informed consent was obtained from the participants, allowing the use of their extracted teeth in this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
