Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Gao, Xianhua
Ma, Jingzhi
Li, Bo
Fang, Yimeng
Hu, Lianting
Zhou, Min
Fan, Bing
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Research and Development Project of Hubei Province of China (Grant No. 2022BCA033)
the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2022A1515110722)
the Guangdong Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project (Grant No. A2023011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81771067)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (Approval No. 2021A46; Date: March 1, 2021). The tooth samples used in this study were obtained from the Tooth and Root Canal Morphology Database at the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China. These samples were voluntarily donated by patients who explicited authorization for their use in scientific research. All specimens were extracted teeth removed solely due to clinical treatment needs, such as severe periodontal disease or orthodontic requirements, and the extraction procedures were performed independently of this study. Additionally, the CBCT images analyzed were originally acquired for patients’ diagnostic or therapeutic purposes unrelated to this research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
