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Article History

Received: 24 July 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The teeth were extracted for periodontal reasons and obtained from healthy individuals undergoing dental treatment at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Alsalam University. All procedures conducted were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and a protocol approved by the institution’s ethical review board (SUE010607251). Informed consent was obtained from all patients, who were notified that their extracted teeth would be used for research purposes.

: Not applicable

: The authors declare no competing interests.