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Authors
Ghanem, Nahla Hazem
Hussein, Radwa R.
Abbas, Mustafa M.
Kheir El Din, Nevine H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: This research protocol was approved by the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University - Research Ethics Committee (FDASU-REC) , protocol approval code number 1204. The study was conducted ethically following the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was signed by all the patients before data collection or oral examination.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
