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Authors
Hassan, Nermine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-343X
El-Khazragy, Nashwa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4674
Ibrahim, Amir Hafez
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol version of this study, as well as the ethical requirements, was revised by the Evidence-Based Dentistry Committee (EBD) of the Conservative Dentistry Department and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (CREC), with Reference number 19/10/22 and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later modifications. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
