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Authors
Kim, Sang-Kyeom
Ku, In-Young
Han, Su-Jin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korean Dental Hygienists Association
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Gachon University (IRB No. 1044396-202304-HR-052-01). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
