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Authors
Wang, Lu
Zhang, Panpan
Zhou, Wenyuan
Shan, Zhongyang
Liu, Chao
Shen, Yifen
Geng, Nan
Gu, Yongchun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Suzhou “Medical Health Science and Technology Innovation” Project (SKY2022030)
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Article History
Received: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
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: The human mandibular incisors used in this study were obtained from the Department of Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou. All methods have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou with the approval number # KY2022-089-01. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
