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Authors
Li, Xiao
Miza, Tia Farisha Shaharul
Saiful, Syaidatul Salmah Nurbalqis
Rao, Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana
Ridzuan, Fakhitah
Hashim, Hasnah
Ismail, Zuhaila
Zakaria, Nordin
Mokhtar, Norehan
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Declarations
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: Each participant was provided with a consent form prior to participation in this study, authorising the use of their data for research purposes. Participants have provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. All participant data were anonymised to maintain confidentiality. Ethical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/21110756). This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
