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Authors
El-Messiry, Hend https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-5408
Atef, Nada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-094X
Alaa, Eman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-6484
Sherief, Dalia I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-3159
Fathy, Iman A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-2740
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: While this was an in vitro study, which did not involve any dealings with human contributors or animals, ethical exemption was provided by the Research Ethics Committee of faculty of dentistry- Ain Shams University of (FDASU-Rec ER 102422) in compliance with Helsinki declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
