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Authors
Chen, Yifei
Song, Tingting
Chen, Kexin
Xu, Yichen
Lei, Lei
Cheng, Ran
Hu, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical research project of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (LCYJ-MS-202301)
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Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (and its later amendments). The study protocol, mainly involving the collection of isolated teeth, was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (Approval Number: WCHSIRB-D-2023-334). This study was conducted with the approval of the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (Approval Number : WCHSIRB-D-2023-334). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants providing extracted teeth.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
