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Authors
Sun, Qiyin
Liang, Xinling
Li, Mianxiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission (20251A010020)
Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission (20251A010020)
Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission (20251A010020)
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center’s Medical Ethics Committee approved this study (SFEKL [2025] NO.557B00). Parental informed consent was obtained before dental visit and operation, and parents were explicitly informed that information in the medical records may be collected for academic research purposes in the future.
: This retrospective study did not require informed consent, as all data were extracted from existing medical records.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Clinical trial number .
: Not applicable.
