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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study does not require ethical approval as it did not involve the use of human subjects or human-derived tissues. All experimental procedures were conducted using synthetic materials, thereby exempting the research from the necessity of ethical review.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.