Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 June 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 10 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This project was approved by the University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health Research Ethics and Integrity Committee (approval number 2022-3029-2777). It has been conducted in full compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent or assent was obtained from all study participants. Age- and ability-appropriate information sheets, consent, and assent forms were developed, using simple language and visual aids to support understanding. Consent procedures were tailored according to participants’ age and capacity. Parents’ or legal guardians’ consent was sought to approach children and young people about taking part in the study. For children aged 5–10 years (based on chronological age or equivalent level of understanding), consent for participation was obtained from their parent or legal guardian. Where possible, written assent was also obtained from the child, and verbal assent was reconfirmed at the start of their interview.For CYP aged 11–17 years assessed to have Gillick competency, written consent was obtained directly from the young person, with the assessment of competency made by the parent or guardian. For those deemed not Gillick competent, consent was obtained from the parent or legal guardian, with the written and/or verbal assent of the child or young person.Written informed consent was obtained from participants aged 18–19 and all other adult participants, including parents/carers and dental health professionals.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.