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Authors
Elkholy, Mohamed Atif
Mostafa, Amira Mohammad Samy
Hammad, Hoda Gaafar Hassan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Minufiya University
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: The design and procedures of the present study were accomplished following the research guidelines that were adopted by the research ethics committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Menoufia University, Egypt. The ethical approval number was ADMNF-01225. The 40 periodontically affected sound teeth used in the study were indicated for extraction (as foci of infection in patients’ body). The patients were informed about the use of only the hard tissues of extracted teeth for the in vitro research studies and no one had any objection about it. A written consent was routinely filled and signed by each patient.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
