Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Chen, Xiaobin
Jiang, Han
Li, Yanxiao
Zhou, Yi
Ye, Decheng
Du, Minquan
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
:
: For the in vitro portion of this study, bovine teeth were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse. No animals were sacrificed specifically for this research. As the tissues were by-products of the food industry, formal ethical approval for animal use was not required. The clinical study was conducted at the School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University and was approved by WUHAN University Institutional Review Board (IRB) ([2016] Ethics Review No. (01)).
: All involved subjects agreed to the publication.
: Xiaobin Chen, Yanxiao Li, Yi Zhou, Decheng Ye are employees of Hawley & Hazel Chemical Co. (Zhongshan) Ltd. Han Jiang and Minquan Du declare that they have no competing interests.
