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Authors
Li, Zimeng
Xia, Yanlin
Chen, Yujie
Huang, Cui
Liang, Shanshan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Degree and Graduate Education Reform Research Project of Wuhan University (2024)
Online education and teaching research topics for postgraduate students in Chinese medicine (A_YXC2022-02-02_10)
Comprehensive Reform Project of Undergraduate Education Quality Construction of Wuhan University (2025ZG262)
Curriculum-based Ideological and Political Education project of School & Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University (25KCSZ08)
Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University (2023YHJB03)
Educational Research Project of Medical Department of Wuhan University (2024YB47)
Professional Degree Graduate Education Comprehensive Reform Project of Wuhan University (2025)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2023AFB627)
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the medical ethics committee of School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (No. 2021B30; Date: July 12th, 2021). It was registered at the Clinical Research Center, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (Registration code: HGGC-095). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
