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Authors
Xiang, Yulin
Liang, Ying
Zheng, Zhijun
Deng, Weichen
Peng, Juxiang
Zheng, Rong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Fund of Health Commission (gzwkj2024-197)
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Guiyang Stomatological Hospital approved this study (Ethics Approval No. GYSKLL-KY-20230128-03). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. To protect patient confidentiality, all identifiable information was removed from CBCT data, and anonymized datasets were used. Only the research team accessed securely stored data, adhering to ethical and regulatory standards.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
