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Authors
Liu, Lin
Wang, Yiyun
Wang, Xinyi
Ya, Qian
Wang, Chanjuan
Yang, Hanfang
Liu, Xiangyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (8240091688)
Nature Science Basic Research Program of Shaan Xi Province (2024JC-YBQN-0944)
3D Printing and Medical Research Topics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU1AF-3D-2018-006)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and the ethics document was numbered as NO: XJTU1AF2018LSL-3D006. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study, as documented in the study records.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians for minors/incapacitated individuals) for the publication of their personal/clinical details and any identifying images included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
