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Authors
Said, Zainab Abdulkader
Abdulqader, Abbas Ahmed
Liu, Fayu
Jiang, Fu Lin
Li, Juan
Zhang, Chong
Cheng, Fangyuan
Saeed, Thekra Ali
Alkadasi, Baleegh Abdulraoof
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University (approval number K2021040). The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee because anonymized CBCT data without any identifiable personal information were used. For participants under the age of 16, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians prior to imaging.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
