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Authors
Elmarakby, Ahmed Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-5900
Habib, Shaimaa F K https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4754-8360
Shaheen, Nasser H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-5281
Barakat, Ali Abdulmajeed
Elwahab, Heba Arafa Abd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-5095
Wakwak, Mohamed Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-7542
AlSaleem, Mohammed A
Abouseedou, Rotana Marwan
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (Approval No. IRB NO.: alf.dent-2020037, dated 21/09/2020).“All procedures involving human-derived materials (extracted teeth) were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.”Written informed consent for the use of extracted teeth for research purposes was obtained from all donors or their legal guardians. All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and ethical regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
