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Authors
Zeng, Hao
Fan, Qihang
Xia, Ting
Zhao, Qin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82401192)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270981)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2025AFA082)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042025YXB013)
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee at the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (No. [2025] B64). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants at the beginning of the study. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number: ChiCTR2600116864).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of their personal details and any accompanying images in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
