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Authors
ElZohairy, Hanin Ahmed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5055-0068
Nagi, Basma Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-1741
Allam, Gehan Gaber https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-5134
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: The research was structured as an in vitro study and received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at Ain Shams University, identified by reference code (FDASU-Rec EM012417). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Extracted teeth were collected after obtaining written informed consent from the parents, allowing the use of their children’s teeth for scientific reasons, and this had previously received approval from the research ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
