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Authors
Mubarak, Mennatullah Khaled https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4858-3327
Allam, Gehan Gaber https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-5134
Aboushady, Nada Atef https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-094X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical exemption for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (Reference Number: FDASU-REC EM122311). The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University declared that obtaining individual informed consent was not required, as the extracted primary molars were provided by anonymous donors. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the applicable guidelines and regulations. The current study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
