Coelho, Letycia Accioly Simoes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-6988
Bordini, Ester Alves Ferreira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-5794
Cassiano, Fernanda Balestrero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-876X
Barros, Mirela Cesar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-3841
Silva, Renato Menezes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-173X
de Andrade, Flaviana Bombarda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-2160
Soares, Diana Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-6104
Duarte, Marco Antonio Hungaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-737X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (403499/2022-4)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (443991/2024-3)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (402754/2021-2)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2024/18863-0)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2023/01051-0)
Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee (protocol number: 008/2023) and by the Human Research Ethics Committee (protocol number: 7.632.860) of the Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil. ItHuman samples consisted of apical papilla stem cells obtained from extracted third molars indicated for extraction as part of routine clinical care, and informed consent was obtained from the donor prior to tooth extraction. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.