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Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 10 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Approval Notice No. WZX-EC-KY2025025). All participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. A brief description of the study goals and participants’ rights was provided prior to the survey/interview; the act of completing and submitting the questionnaire was considered implied consent to participate.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.