Deghid, Heba Mohamed Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-5281
Elboraey, Basma Elsayed Hamza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-7246
Ramadan, Rasha Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-1923
Aboubakr, Rabaa Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-0531
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt (Approval No. M0109024PP), and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 version). Extracted teeth were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. Written informed consents were obtained from the patients to use their extracted teeth for research purposes after explaining the aim of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.