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Authors
eldin Omran, Mohamed Salah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-9488
Fahmy, Sarah Hossam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-3434
Nawar, Nawar Naguib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-9976
ElGendy, Abeer A ElHakim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-433X
Schäfer, Edgar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-2345
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at Ain Shams University in Egypt (FDASU-RecEM022015).The anonymized teeth belonged to patients undergoing routine dental extractions, for reasons unrelated to the study, and who had provided informed consents for the use of their extracted teeth in scientific research rather than incineration.
: n/a.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
