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Authors
Sayeed, Ghousia
Soman, Cristalle
Aloufi, Raneem
Almatooq, Aisha Saleh
Alshahrani, Norah Aedh
Abuhaimed, Reem Abdulaziz
Saleh, Salem Rabea
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this retrospective cross‑sectional study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Riyadh Elm University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Approval No. SRP/2024/143/1145/1025, dated 15 January 2024), and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and national biomedical research regulations. No patients were contacted or directly involved in this study.
: Not applicable. This study did not include any individual person’s data (such as images, videos, or clinical details) that would require consent for publication. All CBCT scans were fully anonymized before analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
