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Authors
Shi, Xueming
Duan, Xiaoning
Lin, Chen
Zhang, Yupin
Chen, Junli
Yang, Jiaying
Li, Zhengyang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China (25JCQNJC01420)
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJWJ2025QN075)
Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (2024ZX016)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Access to and analysis of patient records for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital (Protocol number: YPH2024-G-003). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study. For minors (i.e., participants under 16 years of age), informed consent was obtained from both the participant and their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
