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Authors
Zhou, Peiru
Yang, Furong
Fang, Jiakun
Zheng, Jiangli
Meng, Yanhong
Zhang, Xu
Hua, Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Program of New Clinical Techniques of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSSNCT-24A10)
Beijing High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Support Program, Young Backbone Talent Projects (G202531217)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82572435)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, originally adopted in 1975 and most recently revised in 2024. The protocol for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (approval no. PKUSSIRB-2024101124). The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under the registration number ChiCTR2400088856 (registration date: 28 August 2024). The participants were informed of the purpose and procedure of the study and provided written consent after being assured that declining participation would not negatively impact their care.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
