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Authors
El Gezawy, Esraa Abdel Ghaffar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-6491
Bedair, Samar Saeed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9011-0700
Abbas, Khaled Farouk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-7884
Algizawi, Somaya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-9437
Kamh, Raghda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-0689
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Galala University
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
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: The present in vitro study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-REC), with ethical number FDASU-RecER102505.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 revision).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
