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Authors
Sun, Jing
Chen, Liang
Xue, Lande
Chen, Man
Zhang, Peipei
Li, Hui
Zhang, Shengnan
Sun, Yugang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Development Program of Jinan Municipal Health Commission (2023-2-161)
Dean’ Research Fund of Jinan Stomatological Hospital (2021-01)
Clinical medicine science and technology innovation plan of Jinan (202328023)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinan Stomatological Hospital (Approval No.: JNSKQYY-2024-023). All participants were informed about the study protocol and provided informed consent prior to participation. All methods were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines, and all procedures adhered to the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
