Ho, Jan Yang
Anuwar, Ainol Haniza Kherul
Karen-Ng, Lee Peng
Alias, Abd Aziz
Zainuddin, Siti Lailatul Akmar
Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur
Mohamed Nazari, Nor Shafina
Kamal Nurzaman, Nur Falihin Soehairq
Baharuddin, Nor Adinar
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya (UMG006E)
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (FP041-2020)
Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Faculty of Dentistry Medical Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya (Approval No: DF RD2013/0064/2333/23105 (P). All procedures were performed in accordance with the International Conference of Harmonisation - Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.