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Authors
Hassan, Heran Ibrahim
Hussein, Fighan Jalal
Majeed, Vian Omer
Mahmood, Kochr Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-9199
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethical Committee of the College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University (Reference No.: HMUD/2526017; Date of approval: 19/10/2025). The research protocol was reviewed and approved in accordance with internationally recognized ethical guidelines and institutional policies governing the ethical conduct of research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
