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Authors
Atalla, Ahmed Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-6843
Abbas, Noha Hussein
Sabet, Noha Ezzat
Abd El-Latif, Marwah Salah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2026
Accepted: 5 June 2026
First Online: 26 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Approval No. FDASU-Rec ID 032254). The study was also registered in the National Library of Medicine database (ClinicalTrials.gov ( ) Identifier: NCT06330571; Registration Date: 17 March 2022). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
