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Article History

Received: 7 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 17 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study design was evaluated by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Aydın University, Faculty of Dentistry. It was determined not to require formal ethical approval, as the use of fully anonymized archival CBCT data was solely to approximate general external mandibular contours for computational modeling. No human participation, intervention, identifiable information, or patient-specific anatomical replication was involved.Accordingly, informed consent to participate was not required under national regulations governing non-interventional research using anonymized data.Not required. The study did not involve human participants and does not contain identifiable individual data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.