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Authors
Liu, Shiyao
Liang, Yi
Ling, Yuan
Ding, Yun
Xu, Tianmin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82071172)
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China (Approval No. PKUSSIRB-201735070). In line with the Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, the institutional review board of the hospital granted a waiver of informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
