Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
Article History
Received: 4 April 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Declarations
:
: This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt (International Number IORG0008839; Ethics Committee Number No: 0741-08/2023). These research activities followed the Declaration of Helsinki for human subjects. Each participant signed a formal written informed consent form before the operation. IRB registration number: SCCREIRB-DNTSTRYALX-GU-001-180325-042. IORG: 0008839. IRB by OHRP: 00010556. Ethics committee No: 0741-08/2023.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.