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Authors
Naeem, Fatma M. Abu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-0103
Bakry, Shaimaa Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-4215
ElSheshtawy, Ahmed S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-5786
Abdou, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-4594
Abd ElHamid, Hajer M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-6260
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 14 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the institutional review board of the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (approval number: 54-10-24), in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent was obtained from each participant prior to tooth extraction.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
