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Article History

Received: 10 April 2026

Accepted: 10 July 2026

First Online: 16 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical and Observational Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Kent University Faculty of Dentistry (Approval No: 2026/2-1, dated 28.01.2026), and all procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Owing to the retrospective design of the study, which used pre-existing, de-identified clinical records, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the same committee.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.