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Comparative evaluation of AI-driven large language models for periodontal–orthodontic patient questions: accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and temporal consistency

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09382-4

Published Online: 2026-07-22

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Çolak, Resül https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-1119
Çolak, Merve Küçükoğlu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-0016
Cicek, Orhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-6043
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-07-22

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-07-22
More Information

Article History

Received: 15 June 2026

Accepted: 17 July 2026

First Online: 22 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study did not involve human participants, patient data, biological specimens, or animals. Therefore, ethics committee approval and informed consent to participate were not required.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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