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Authors
Hadwa, Shimaa M.
Alawy, Safa B.
Kabbash, Ibrahim A.
EL-Desouky, Shaimaa S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tanta University
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 28 July 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University (Approval code: R-PED-5-24-3108), in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The study was retrospective and non-interventional in nature. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians at the time of record and dental cast collection, permitting the use of anonymized clinical data and models for research purposes.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
