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Authors
Huqh, Mohamed Zahoor Ul
Yaacob, Hashim Bin
Selvaraj, Siddharthan
Pruksametanan, Apitchaya
Abdullah, Johari Yap
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia (PPSG 6150194/T152)
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 4 August 2026
First Online: 31 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was granted approval by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (approval number, USM/JEPeM/1080533 dated 24th November 2021) and carried out in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Since this study only used secondary data gathered from the HUSM and HRPZ II patient records, patient consent was waived off by Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
